BIOGRAPHY


1922

Born on 22nd February in the village of Babaria in the hamlet of Kakaiya in the Narsinghpur district of Madhya Pradesh, India to father Sayed Mohammed Razi, a forest ranger and mother Tahira Begum. Up to the age of thirteen Raza lived in the heart of forests, where the Narmada river flows between the Satpura and Vindhyachal ranges. The village had only seven houses, one of which was the Deputy Ranger’s quarter where he lived. He had four brothers named Sayed Yusuf Raza, Sayed Imam Ali, Sayed Hassan Imam, and Sayed Mohsin Raza, as well as one sister called Mohammadi Begum.

Raza’s father (first left)

Raza’s father (first left)


1927 - 1932

Attends Kakaiya village primary school under headteacher Shri Nandlalji Jharia. It is he who introduces Raza to the concept of the Bindu as a point of concentration.        

Raza visiting Kakaiya school in 2006

Raza visiting Kakaiya school in 2006


1932 - 1939

Family Home Damoh

Family Home Damoh

Family move to Damoh. Raza continued his school education at the Higher Secondary School. Here his youngest and most dynamic teacher, Gauri Shankar, instilled in him a love of poetry and Indian culture and furthered his knowledge of Hindi, music and literature. Also, it was here that another teacher, Shri Daryav Singh Rathore taught him art. He also took part in the creation of a school magazine called ‘Pushpanjali’ and designed the cover of its first issue. Obtained his high school certificate in 1939 at the age of seventeen.


1939 - 1943


Studied painting and drawing at the Nagpur School of Art, Nagpur under the art professor Shri M.V. Athawale, a Brahim from Maharashtra. During his time there he was awarded his teacher’s diploma. He taught drawing at the Gondia Municipal High School and then at the Government Normal School in Amrawati. 

Nagpur School of Art

Nagpur School of Art


Married Fatima (who is was parted from during partitition to Pakistan). Raza wanted to stay in the multi-religious India rather than go to Pakistan which was formed on the grounds of one religion. He sat the Sir J.J School of Art entrance exam aged twenty which he passed in fourth place amongst students from all over India. 

1942


1943 - 1948

Graduates from the Nagpur School of Art and moves to Bombay. His admission to the J.J School of Art was delayed so initially Raza earned a living by joining a designer and black makers’ office, known as Express Block Studio His employers at the design studio, Jalil Sahib and Ashfaq Husain, gave him a free berth at the studio for three years. Painted several gouaches looking out of the studio window overlooking Phiroze Shah Mehta Road, one of the commercial streets of Bombay. At the same time he studied in the evening at the Mohan Art Club under the painter Mohan Kulkarni who exempted him from the registration fee. 

The principal of his J.J Art School was M.Y Kulkarni, part of the Young Turks Group and through him he came into contact with Shiavax Chavda and K.K. Hebbar. Eventually, Raza joins Sir J.J. School of Art as a private student. Became a regular student and in his 5th year had Shri Ahiwasiji as a teacher in 1948. 

Visited two major exhibitions. One of ancient Indian art in Delhi, the other of a large selection of reproductions of works by modern French painters brought to Bombay by the local French Consulate. There were paintings by Braque, Rouault, Matisse, Van Gogh, Cezanne, Bonnard and Chagall.


Exhibited two unframed gouaches at the Cama Hall Art Society of India. His works were reviewed by the art critic Rudy von Leyden in the Times of India who praised his works as the most important in the show. 

Travelled extensively in India to such places as Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and southern Inida.

1943


Professor Walter Langhammer of the Vienna Academy took over as the Art Director of the Times of India in Bombay. He lent Raza his studio to work in. He also gave opinions on his paintings and helped him analyse them. Studied works by the impressionists as well as the Bengal renaissance school. Studied Coomarswamy and Herbet Reed. Also introduced to the collector Emmanuel Schlesinger owner of the pharmaceutical group Indo-Pharma who became a patron of his work.

1944


Awarded the Silver Medal, Bombay Art Society, Mumbai.

1946


1947

Raza’s mother passes away in July 1947 in Bombay. 

India becomes independent.

First ever solo exhibition at the Bombay Art Society Salon in November inaugurated by Rudy Von Leyden.

The Progressive Artist’s Group was formed with the six founding members of F.N Souza, M.F Husain, K.H Ara, H.A Gade, S.K Bakre and S.H Raza, later joined in 1951 by K.Khanna, Gaitonde and Samant.

Raza in 1947

Raza in 1947


Raza’s father dies in Mandla. 

Mahatma Gandhi is assassinated on the 30th January 1948 by a Brahim fanatic.

His four brothers and sister leave for Pakistan.

Finishes at the J.J School of Art. 

First Progessive Artist’s show in July at the Artist’s Salon at Rampart Row later called the Bombay Art Salon, opened by Dr. Mulkraj.

Raza, along with the film maker K.A Abbas and the actor Balraj Sahni, were invited by Sheikh Abdullah to tour Kashmir. Led to a series of watercolours exhibited in Delhi and inaugurated by Rudi von Leyden. 

Awarded the Gold Medal, Bombay Art Society, Mumbai. 

Commissioned to paint watercolours of South India to be reproduced in a calendar of the Volkart Brothers. This was a Swiss Company in India between the years of 1945 – 1949 founded in 1851 in 

Winterthur, Switzerland, by Salomon and J.G. Volkart. It was set up to establish direct commercial relations between India and Europe, initially focusing on the import of raw cotton to Switzerland enabling a high quality local textile business and export of manufactured goods to India. Rudolf von Leyden worked as a Publicity Manager for Volkart Brothers. Employees of the company were able to acquire the original watercolours of the calendar.

Visits an exhibition of ancient Indian sculptures and one of European prints in New Delhi, both of which affect him deeply.

Summer exhibition of paintings in Srinagar, in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. Here he encounters Henri Cartier-Bresson who advised him to give his paintings more structure by studying the works of Paul Cezanne.

1948


Held an exhibition at the Institute of Foreign Languages, Outram Road, Bombay. 

Advised by Claude Journot, the councilor at the French Embassy in India, advised Raza to learn French in order to be eligible for a scholarship by the French government. He spent one year studying French attending classes.

1949


Passed two language tests of the Alliance Française in 1950.

Awarded a two-year scholarhip by the French Government.

Left for France in the September accompanied by Akbar Padamsee and Premela Coelho reaching Marseille on 2nd October, then onto Paris by train on the 3rd October. Met at the Gare de Lyon station by Ram Kumar in Paris who was already resident in the city who found Raza a room at a hotel on the Rue Delamere in the Montparnasse quarter.

Went to see his first French exhibition of Matisse collages at the Maison de la Pensée Française. 

Enrolled at the recently opened studio of Edmund Heuzé at the École Nationale des Beaux Arts, Paris. Studied there between 1951 – 1953.

Spent time with the industrialist Jean Riboud and his wife Krishna, Henri Cartier-Bresson, the filmmaker Jehangir Bhownagary and other friends. 

During his time in France he visits Autun, Vézelay, Chartres, Carcassonne, Privas, Avignon, Aix-en-Provenance and Menton.

1950


Moves to new quarters at the Cité Universitaire.

1950 - 1951


1952

First exhibition in Paris with F.N Souza and Akbar Padamsee at Galerie St. Placid. Received favourable reviews in the press and spoke on French radion for the first time. All his paintings were sold and passed into major collections. Les Hauts de Cagnes, for example, became part of Jean Bhownagary’s collection. Other works were acquired by Mrs Elie de Rothschild, André Maurois and Louis Pauwels, the director of the journal Arts.

Raza with Souza and Padamsee

Raza with Souza and Padamsee


1953

Moved to oil painting.

Exhibits at Galerie Creuze, Avenue Messine with Souza and Padamsee. Jacques Lassaigne, the future director of the Museé d’Art Moderne de Paris buys his work Le Soleil Noir.

Decides to remain in France after the expiry of his government scholarship.

Financial difficulties meant he still had to work to earn his living. Gave Hindi lessons to Mrs. Zannas, the widow of a Greek shipowner, and Mrs. Colette Caillat. 

Raza with Souza and Padamsee at Galerie Raymond Creuze.

Raza with Souza and Padamsee at Galerie Raymond Creuze.


Commissioned by Mr. Petit-Duteil, the manager of Club des Beaux Livres de France, a publishing house, to design book covers for writers like Emile Zola, Edgar Allan Poe and Prosper Mérimée. 

Rented a room on Rue Chaptal from Mrs. Grillet, the wife of a worker at Renault.

 

1954


1955

First exhibition at Galerie Lara Vincy, Rue de Seine. Agrees to exhibit exclusively with them for the next six years.

Galerie Lara Vincy, front street view at Seine Paris 6 in 1958. All rights reserved. Archives Galerie Lara Vincy, Paris.

Galerie Lara Vincy, front street view at Seine Paris 6 in 1958. All rights reserved. Archives Galerie Lara Vincy, Paris.


Awarded the coveted Prix de la Critique, Paris. The only foreign artist to achieve this feat in France.

Participated in an exhibition organised by the Musée d’Art Moderne, Paris under the title ‘Les Arts en France et dans le Monde’. Also participated in the Venice Biennale.

1956


Exhibited in Tokyo and at the Zwemmer Gallery in London.

1957


Work was shown at the Biennales of Brussels and São Paulo. 

Exhibited at Galerie Lara Vincy in a show titled ‘Prix de la Critique 1956’. Also exhibited at the Graham Gallery, New York where Mrs. John D. Rockefeller bought Village Church, 1958. 

Rented a studio on the Rue des Fossés Saint-Jacques next to the Panthéon. 

Travelled through France.

1958


1959

Divorced his first wife Fatima.

Married Janine Mongillat, also a student at Ecole Nationale des Beaux Arts in Paris. He had met her at Edmond Heuzé’s studio there.

Makes his first trip back to India with his wife. Makes further trips back to India in 1968, 1976, 1978 and then every year since 1984. 

Solo exhibition at the Jehangir Art Gallery in Bombay and at the All India Fine Arts and Craft Society in New Delhi.

Raza’s wedding to Janine

Raza’s wedding to Janine


Karl Kasten, a professor at the University of Berkely in California noticed Raza’s paintings exhibited at Galerie Lara Vincy, Paris and offered him the post of visiting lecturer for three months at the University of Berkeley. 

Leaves for New York with his wife. Introduced to the work of Hans Hofmann, Sam Francis and Mark Rothko which has a profound effect on his artistic sensibility. Visited San Francisco and Chicago where he saw the architecture of Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. Returned to New York where he had been invited for a month by the Rockefeller Foundation. During this time he stayed at the Chelsea Hotel. 

Starts to move towards acrylics.

Returned to Paris to a studio apartment on Avenue Secrétan, near Buttes-Chaumont. 

1962


Bal Chhabda gives Raza a studio apartment on Napean Sea Road where Raza stays with his wife and and paints for 3 months.

1963


Finally got a studio for himself in the April and wrote delightedly to Krishna Khanna about it.

1964


Started using acrylics on a regular basis.

1972


1975

Started regular visits to India with Janine. Visited his childhood village as well as travelling through India.


1978

Raza listening to poetry in a gallery showing his works at Madhya Pradesh Kala, Parishad, 1978

Raza listening to poetry in a gallery showing his works at Madhya Pradesh Kala, Parishad, 1978

Invited by his native state, Madhya Pradesh Government for a homage and an exhibition of his works in Bhopal.


Invited by Richard Bartholomew to take part in the New Delhi Triennale where he exhibited his painting Maa, 1981.

Awarded the Kalidas Sanman by the State Government of Madhya Pradesh and the Padma Shri by the Government of India.

1981


Took part in the Festival of India exhibition at the Royal Academy of London. 

1982


Elected a Fellow of the Lalit Kala Academi in New Delhi.

1983


Michel Troche, the Paris Fine Arts Inspector, selected Raza as one of the nine artists to take part in the exhibition Artistes Indiens en France at the Fondation Nationale des Arts Graphiques et Plastiques in Rue Berryer. Raza exhibited twelve canvases including Maa, Rajasthan and Satpura.

The Chester Herwitz Collection selected two works by Raza, Rajasthan, 1981, and Terra Amata, 1984, to be included in the Geneva exhibition Coup de Coeur.

Has a one-man show at Galerie Pierre Parat entitled Quinze Ans de Peinture 1971 – 1985. He exhibits recent works alongside older ones like Village, 1956Paysage, 1957 and La Forge, 1971

1985


Had a one man show at Galerie Eterso, Cannes entitled RAZA: ‘Bindu’ ou la quête de l’essentiel. Exhibited such works as Bharat, 1990, Kaliyan, Jala Bindu, Germination I, Gestation, Fertilité, Bindu, Kundalini and Plénitude.

Has a major exhibition called Rétrospective 1952 – 1991 at the Palais Carnolè, Musée des Beaux Arts at Menton. The first time that most of his important works were reunited.

1991


1995

Exhibited at Sept Peintures Indiens Contemporains at Le Monde de ‘Art, Rue Paradis in Paris organised by Raphaël Doueb alongisde K.B Subramanya, Manjit Bawa, Tyeb Mehta, Bal Chhabda, Jogen Chowdhury and Arpita Singh. He exhibited such works as Tam Shunya, La Terre, La Graine, L’Arbre and Kundalini.

Exhibited Nad Bindu, 1995 at the Festival d’Avignon as part of the Reaching For Each Other show. Here, Ashok Vajpeyi recited his poetry accompanied by Prerana Shrimali, an Indian Kathak dancer, and the musicians Satyasheel Deshpande, the composter, Govind Chakraborty playing the tabla, Rakesh Prasanna on the flute and Murad Ali the sarangi. His work Nagas, 1995, was also selected to illustrate the official poster for the Avignon Festival.

The poster of Festival d’Avignon 1995 conceived by Raza

The poster of Festival d’Avignon 1995 conceived by Raza


1996

Invited by the underground railway of Lisbon to do a painting for the Oriente station in the complex that was going to house the 1998 International Exhibition. His works The Ocean I and The Ocean II were reproduced and enlarged on cermic tiles, 3.5 x 13.5m for the walls of the subway.

The installation at the subway

The installation at the subway


Exhibited at Gallery 54, New York at a show organized by Sharan Apparao exhibiting such works as Genesis, 1999.

1999


2002

In February The Ministry of Culture and Communication of the French Republic awarded him the Grade of Officer of the Order of Arts and Letters.

Janine passes away on the 5th April 2002

Raza with Janine in Gorbio in 2001

Raza with Janine in Gorbio in 2001


2004

Publication of S.H Raza: Mandalas by Olivier Germain-Thomas.

With Olivier Germain-Thomas

With Olivier Germain-Thomas


Retrospective at Berkeley Gallery, London organized by Saffronart.

Publication of A Life in Art – Raza by Ashok Vajpeyi.

2005


2007

Received the Padma Bhushan by the Government of India

With the vice-president of India 2007.

With the vice-president of India 2007.


Publication of Raza by Alain Bonfand.

2008


2011

Moves back to India. He settles down in a house he had bought earlier and registered it in the name of the Raza Foundation in Safdarjungn Development Area near Haus Kaus. The Raza Foundation is set up with his pet friend Ashok Vajpeyi to help promote Indian art and culture through its various programmes, memorial lectures and scholarships. 


Receives the Padma Vibhushan.

2013


2016

Publication of Raza S H Raza Catalogue Raisonne 1958 – 1971 (Volume I) by Anne Macklin in collaboration with The Raza Foundation, New Delhi.

Died on 23rd July 2016 in New Delhi, India.